Industrialisasi di China

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Saturday, September 22, 2007

Industriaization in China

Industrialization and urbanizationChina needs to improve its urbanization towards it path to industrialization. Only 51.3% of the 1.3 billion Chinese population were urbanized as of the end of 2006, compared with an average 70% for developed countries. Even though there is a additional of 1-1.5% or 12-18 million people migrated from rural to urban per year.The lower urbanization rate and a large rural population created unbalance of in farmers’ living standards and wealth. Farmers have to face increased farming cost such as price of land (the per capita less than 1 mu (0.06 hectare) farming land), and the declining grain prices. Furthermore, due to the fact that rural and urban economies are mutually-separated, farmers are not able to increase their income neither can they benefits from China’s rapid economic growth.The Chinese government came out with several policies and programs solve these problems. According to the China's Ecological Modernization Report 2007 , the next two decades (2020~2030) will be an extremely crucial period for China's modernization as China will progressively complete industrialization and urbanization.
Copyright © 2001-2007 by Starmass International


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Artikel di atas membincangkan tentang masalah urbanisasi yang di hadapi oleh rakyat China dan secara tidak langsung memberi kesan terhadap industrilisasi. Hanya 53.6 peratus daripada populasi penduduknya mengalami proses urbanisasi, walaupun terdapat 12-18 juta penduduk luar bandar berhijrah ke kawasan bandar.

Mengikut salah satu teori McGee, bandar seharusnya dianggap sebagai pendorong ekonomi kerana terdapat banyak peluang pekerjaan, dan seterusnya berlakunya proses urbanisasi. Proses urbanisasi penting bagimembantu proses pembandaran dan industilisasi di negara China. Malangnya, apa yang dialami di negara China adalah sebaliknya, iaitu kadar proses urbanisasi rendah dan populasi penduduk di kawasan luar bandar adalah tinggi. Ini menyebabkan wujudnya ketidakseimbangan terhadap kehidupan dan pendapatan petani.
Kerajaan negara China telah mengeluarkan beberapa polisi dan program untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut. Mengikut China's Ecological Modernization Report, selepas 2 dekadChina akan mengalami permodenan bagi membolehkan proses urbanisasi dan industrilisasi, dan seterusnya pembandaran berlaku di negeri China. Kesannya, ekonomi di negara tersebut bertambah pulih yang akan dinikmati oleh rakyat negara China.

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